Work Cited
1. Abbott, Alison. “Animal testing: More than a cosmetic change.” Nature Oct. 2005: 144-146. Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Oct. 2014.
-This article focuses on the issues regarding the use of animals in toxicology (in Europe). It discusses the legislation that goes along with banning animal testing and the concerns of many animal-welfare groups.
2. Baier, Stephen W. “The Impact of Animal Rights on the Use of Animals for Biomedical Research, Product Testing & Education.” The American Biology Teacher 55.3 (1993): 136-39. JSTOR. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.
- This article gives statistics about the number of animals used in labs in the United States per year. It also summarizes the history of animal testing and philosophical perspectives of the practice.
3. “BENEFITS.” Pro-Test: Standing up for Science. N.p., 2006. Web. 30 Nov. 2014. <http://www.pro-test.org.uk/facts.php?lt=c>.
-This is an article from a website home to the Oxford-based pro-test group campaigning in favor of continued animal testing and in support of scientific research. In the article there are many examples of the scientific benefits of animal testing.
4. Cohen, Arna. “Do You Know How Your Mascara Is Made?” All Animals Magazine 10 Feb. 2014: N.p., The Humane Society of The United States. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.
- “Do You Know How Your Mascara Is Made?” explains many of the processes that animals go through in the lab and has wonderful videos and pictures that are anti-testing. The article also talks about many anti-testing campaigns that have taken place such as Lush Cosmetic’s fighting animal testing campaign.
5. Ellin, Abby. “Leaving Animals Out of the Cosmetics Picture.” The New York Times. The New York Times, 28 Dec. 2011. Web. 02 Dec. 2014.
- This New York Times article gives many quotes and stories by famous celebrities regarding the use of animals in research and how it is negative. It also talks about how science has evolved and the reason animals are still used in laboratories is because companies do not want to make the investment it takes to eliminate the practice.
6. Feder, Barnaby J. “Saving the Animals: New Ways to Test Products.” nytimes.com. The New York Times, 12 Sep. 2007. Web. 29 Oct. 2014.
-This article talks about the process of testing products and how we now have the tools to look more closely at how toxicity occurs. Because of this, it is able to test products on real human cells instead of animals. It also discusses concern about the cost and questionable benefits of animal testing.
7. Gannon, Frank. “Animal rights, human wrongs? Introduction to the Talking Point on the use of animals in scientific research” EMBO reports Jun. 2007: 519-520. The National Center for Biotechnology Information.Web. 29 Oct. 2014.
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This article talks about the balance between the rights of animals and their use in biomedical research. It discusses the arguments of both the science side and the animal rights side, and also talks about how the government is affecting the slow movement of banning animal testing.
8. Howard, Walter E. “An Ecologist's View of Animal Rights.” The American Biology Teacher 56.4 (1994): 202-05. JSTOR. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.
- This journal argues that the average life span of wild animals is shorter than that of domestic or captive animals. Because of this, the conquests of unsolved medical problems such as cancer justify the use of animals in research.
9. Mcmillan, Franklin D. “What Dictionary Are Animal Researchers Using?” Journal of Animal Ethics 2.1 (2012): 1-5. JSTOR. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.
- This journal explains how most people support animal research because companies promise them that the test subjects are being treated humanely. It then goes into discussing the definitional argument of the word “humane” and argues that the animals are not treated this way.
10. Newman, Alan. “Research versus Animal Rights: Is There a Middle Ground?” American Scientist Mar-Apr. 1989: 135-137. JSTOR. Web. 29 Oct. 2014.
-This article discusses the fine line of animal testing. It discusses the different notions of the scientific/medical field verses the animal rights field.
11. O'Neill, Sean. “Why Animal Research Is Still Necessary.” New Science Journalism Project. N.p., 27 Mar. 2012. Web. 02 Dec. 2014.
- This article is pro animal testing and explains how we live in a world where the threat to humanity from incurable diseases still looms high. It states that because of this it is better that animals suffer in research rather than humans when using products or facing diseases.
12. Pound, Pandora, Shah Ebrahim, Peter Sandercock, Michael B. Bracken, and Ian Roberts. “Where Is the Evidence That Animal Research Benefits Humans?” BMJ: British Medical Journal 328.7438 (2004): 514-17. JSTOR. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.
- This article explains the procedural problems of animal experiments. For example, the length of follow up before determination of disease outcomes varies and may not correspond to disease latency in humans
13. “People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA): The Animal Rights Organization.” PETA. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2014. <http://www.peta.org/>.
- This is PETA’s website, which lists companies that do and do not practice animal testing. It also allows you to search the animals individually, cats, dogs, mice, rabbits, etc., and view the types of tests done on them in a lab setting.
14. Siegel-Maier, Karyn. “Cruelty-free beauty.” Better Nutrition Apr. 1999: 64. Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Oct. 2014.
-This article, about cosmetic testing on animals, explains the standard types of safety tests and other tests that have been used for cosmetics that do not involve animals. It also presents ways to determine if a product was tested on an animal.
15. Watts, Geoff. “Animal Testing: Is It Worth It?” BMJ: British Medical Journal 334.7586 (2007): 182-84. JSTOR. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.
- This article explores the different ways that animals can be replaced in research testing. One thing it talks about that is different than all of the other articles is microdosing. This is where drug doses that are too small to create adverse reactions are put into the bodies of humans and create liquid chromatography results.